The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The Protocols were first published in 1903 by Pavolachi (or Pavel) Krushevan, an instigator of the Kishinew pogrom, in his Russian newspaper called Znamia. They were published in English through different titles, including: Protocols of Zion, Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion, The Illuminati Protocols, Protocols of the Meetings of the Zionist Men of Wisdom, Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion etc. The book is usually composed of 24, 25, 26 or 27 protocols.